Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Practice Exam

Which medication class commonly affects fluid balance in older adults?

1. Antibiotics

2. Diuretics

3. Antidepressants

4. NSAIDs

The correct answer is: Diuretics

Diuretics are a class of medications specifically designed to promote the elimination of sodium and water from the body by increasing urine production. This mechanism can significantly impact fluid balance, particularly in older adults who may already be at risk for dehydration or electrolyte imbalances due to age-related physiological changes or comorbidities. Older adults often have a decreased renal function, which affects fluid and electrolyte management. The use of diuretics in this population requires careful monitoring, as they can lead to complications such as hypotension, dehydration, and disturbances in electrolytes, including potassium and sodium. Because diuretics actively alter fluid status, they are the most relevant medication class related to fluid balance in older patients, making it vital for healthcare providers to be vigilant about the potential consequences of their use in this demographic.